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The naturalization interview

The civics test is just one part of the day. Here is everything that happens at your interview — and the questions to expect.

Step by step

1

Check-in and oath

You arrive at your local USCIS field office, check in with your interview notice and green card, and wait to be called. The officer brings you to their office and places you under oath — you swear to tell the truth for everything that follows.

2

Your N-400, reviewed out loud

The officer goes through your Form N-400 with you, question by question, confirming everything is still true. This conversation doubles as your English speaking test — the officer is listening to how well you understand and respond.

3

The English reading test

You read one sentence out loud from a digital tablet. You get up to three tries with different sentences, and you only need to read one correctly. Sentences use a short official vocabulary list (below).

4

The English writing test

The officer reads a sentence and you write it down. Again, up to three tries, and one correct sentence passes. The writing vocabulary list is also published in advance (below).

5

The civics test

The officer asks up to 20 questions from the official pool of 128, orally. Answer 12 correctly and you pass — the test stops as soon as you reach 12 (or can no longer reach it).

6

The decision

At the end, the officer tells you the result: granted (you'll be scheduled for the Oath of Allegiance ceremony), continued (they need more evidence or you'll retake a failed test portion in 60–90 days), or denied (with a written explanation and appeal rights).

Questions about your N-400

The officer confirms your application out loud — these conversational questions are also your English speaking test. Typical topics and examples:

Identity and background

  • What is your full legal name? Have you ever used any other names?
  • What is your date of birth and country of birth?
  • When did you become a permanent resident?

Residence and travel

  • What is your current address? How long have you lived there?
  • Have you taken any trips outside the United States since filing? How long were you gone?
  • Have you ever been outside the U.S. for six months or longer?

Family and marital status

  • Are you married? How many times have you been married?
  • What is your spouse's name and immigration status?
  • Do you have children? Where do they live?

Work and taxes

  • Where do you work? What do you do there?
  • Have you filed your federal and state taxes every year?
  • Do you owe any overdue taxes?

Moral character

  • Have you ever been arrested, cited, or detained by any law enforcement officer?
  • Have you ever claimed to be a U.S. citizen?
  • Have you ever failed to support your dependents?

Attachment to the Constitution

  • Do you support the Constitution and form of government of the United States?
  • Are you willing to take the full Oath of Allegiance?
  • If the law requires it, are you willing to bear arms or perform work of national importance?

The English test vocabulary

Reading and writing sentences are built from short official word lists (USCIS form M-715) — every word is published in advance, so they are very learnable.

Reading vocabulary

People
Abraham Lincoln · George Washington
Civics
American flag · Bill of Rights · capital · citizen · city · Congress · country · Father of Our Country · government · President · right · Senators · state / states · White House
Places
America · United States · U.S.
Holidays
Presidents' Day · Memorial Day · Flag Day · Independence Day · Labor Day · Columbus Day · Thanksgiving
Question words
how · what · when · where · who · why
Verbs
can · come · do / does · elects · have / has · is / are / was / be · lives / lived · meet · name · pay · vote · want
Other
a · for · here · in · of · on · the · to · we · colors · dollar bill · first · largest · many · most · north · one · people · second · south

Writing vocabulary

People
Adams · Lincoln · Washington
Civics
American Indians · capital · citizens · Civil War · Congress · Father of Our Country · flag · free · freedom of speech · President · right · Senators · state / states · White House
Places
Alaska · California · Canada · Delaware · Mexico · New York City · United States · Washington · Washington, D.C.
Months
February · May · June · July · September · October · November
Holidays
Presidents' Day · Memorial Day · Flag Day · Independence Day · Labor Day · Columbus Day · Thanksgiving
Verbs
can · come · elect · have / has · is / was / be · lives / lived · meets · pay · vote · want
Other
and · during · for · here · in · of · on · the · to · we · blue · dollar bill · fifty / 50 · first · largest · most · north · one · one hundred / 100 · people · red · second · south · taxes · white

Verify against the official lists: USCIS study materials.

Frequently asked questions

How long does the naturalization interview take?

Most interviews take about 20 to 30 minutes, though your total time at the field office is longer with check-in and waiting. The civics and English tests are only a few minutes of that.

What should I bring to the interview?

Your interview notice, green card (permanent resident card), passports and travel documents, state ID, and any documents USCIS requested — plus originals of anything that changed since you filed, like a new marriage certificate or updated tax returns.

What kinds of questions does the officer ask besides the civics test?

The officer reviews your Form N-400 with you under oath: your identity, address history, trips outside the United States, marital status and family, employment, taxes, any arrests or citations, and whether you support the Constitution and are willing to take the Oath of Allegiance.

Are there exemptions from the English test?

Yes. If you are 50+ with 20 years as a permanent resident, or 55+ with 15 years, you are exempt from the English test and can take the civics test in your language with an interpreter. And at 65+ with 20 years, you also study only the 20 starred civics questions.

What if I fail one part of the test?

You get a second chance. USCIS reschedules you, generally 60 to 90 days later, and retests only the portion you did not pass — if you passed civics but missed the writing test, you only redo the writing test.

Can I bring a lawyer or interpreter?

You may bring an attorney or accredited representative. Interpreters are only for applicants who qualify for an English-test exemption. If you have questions about your specific case, talk to a licensed immigration attorney — this site is a study tool, not legal advice.

The civics test is the part you can fully prepare for.

Study the 128 questions free